Kawanabe Kyosai was a painter who lived from the late Edo period through the Meiji era.
He studied painting techniques from a wide range of traditions and is said to have created thousands of works throughout his lifetime, depicting subjects ranging from Buddhist paintings to caricatures and satirical drawings. Although he painted many depictions of Zhong Kui, this particular composition, showing Zhong Kui pointing his sword directly at a demon, is quite rare.
The demon's trembling figure is somewhat comical, and Kyosai’s characteristic humor brings this inherently evil creature to life with a certain charm.
This masterpiece conveys the exhilaration of an artist fully immersed in depicting stories born from the interplay of opposing forces: good and evil, beauty and ugliness, stillness and movement.

Suzuki Kiitsu was a painter active during the late Edo period. He studied under Sakai Hoitsu and inherited the Edo Rinpa style established by his master. Combining elegance with innovation, Kiitsu developed a distinctive artistic vision. The dynamic compositions and modern sense of color found in his work opened new horizons for the Rinpa school.

This painting depicts seasonal flowers, with large hydrangeas as its central motif. Rendered in Kiitsu's characteristic palette, the hydrangeas are vividly blue and refreshingly vibrant. A dragonfly resting on one of the petals evokes the arrival of early summer. The work beautifully embodies the unique aesthetic of the Rinpa school, transforming the simple beauty of nature into a refined decorative art.

Shiba Kokan was a painter who was active during the late Edo period. He incorporated Western painting techniques, which were still rare at the time, and challenged himself to create diverse forms of expression from both the East and the West, including Japanese paintings, Western-style paintings, and oil paintings.
His greatest appeal lies in the contrast between the expressions born from his insatiable curiosity and his extremely realistic style.

This work depicts a didactic scene where a precious water pot is broken to save a child who has fallen into it. The child is rendered with incredibly delicate brushstrokes, reflecting the meticulous sketching techniques he learned from So Shiseki. The enormous pot exudes an unusual presence, boldly blending realism and narrative in this challenging piece full of Shiba Kokan's characteristic originality.

Nagasawa Rosetsu was a painter of the mid-Edo period who forged his own unique artistic realm with his exceptional observational skills and bold, humorous expression.

This work depicts two sparrows nestled among magnolias and roses. His technique of rendering the branches solely through nuanced brushwork, without relying on outlines, is both simple and breathtaking. The stillness of the magnolia buds, the tension of the rose thorns, and the sparrows’ innocent presence create a rich rhythm within the composition. This masterpiece is imbued with exceptional charm, vividly conveying Rosetsu’s pure affection for nature.

Kurihara Gyokuyo was a Japanese painter born in Nagasaki in 1883. Although she gained recognition for her bijin-ga (portraits of beautiful women), painted with a fresh and vibrant sensibility, she passed away at the young age of 40.
This work depicts a woman dressed in a splendid furisode kimono. Gyokuyo placed great importance on the overall harmony of the composition, particularly in her use of color. The black hair, obi, and geta (footwear) are rhythmically arranged to accentuate the vivid red of the furisode, while the gold-leaf floral patterns and intricate tie-dyeing further enhance its splendor. In contrast, the woman’s face appears strikingly cool and youthful. The falling cherry blossom petals reflect Gyokuyo’s delicate gaze, capturing the fleeting beauty of life, resulting in a truly exquisite piece.

Kamisaka Sekka, who was active in Kyoto from the Meiji to the Showa period, was a designer and painter who carried the spirit and style of the Rinpa school into the modern era. This work beautifully contrasts the white plum blossoms just beginning to bloom with the red berries of the marlberry. The trunk of the plum tree is painted using the Rinpa technique of tarashikomi (in which a second layer of paint is applied before the first layer dries), and the blurred appearance of the green moss seems to convey the layered passage of time and the quiet life dwelling within the tree.

The bold composition of the plum branches extending across the tall vertical format, together with the simple yet decorative floral design, highlights Sekka’s unique modern sensibility. Harmonizing a classic Japanese subject with new creative expression, this work is a masterpiece that embodies Sekka’s distinctive style and represents the modern Rinpa school.

Kawanabe Kyosai, who flourished from the late Edo period to the Meiji era, studied under Utagawa Kuniyoshi and the Surugadai Kano school. He was a rare artist who voraciously absorbed a wide range of painting techniques, from ukiyo-e and classical Japanese painting to Chinese painting and Western methods. His subjects were remarkably diverse, and his exceptional skill and witty ideas continue to be admired today.
This work humorously depicts Daikokuten (the god of wealth), with Otafuku peeking out from his bag. Plum blossoms and the rising morning sun, heralding the arrival of spring, are also included, creating a lighthearted world of abundance, harmony, and auspiciousness filled with smiles. This bright and celebratory painting is a crystallization of Kyosai’s unique sensibility.

Watanabe Seitei, active from the Meiji to the Taishō periods, was a pioneering figure in modern Japanese painting, known for his realistic style and translucent coloring. While he is best known for his flower-and-bird paintings, his depictions of women—studied under Kikuchi Yōsai—were also exceptional. Their gentle oval faces and slender eyes became so admired that they came to be known as “Seitei beauties.”

This work depicts Tokiwa Gozen, the wife of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, fleeing along a snowy path with her three children. The crimson robe, standing out against the snow-covered landscape, vividly underscores the harsh journey of the mother and her children. Seitei’s exceptional sense of color enhances the narrative, conveying the tension that lies beneath the elegance and resulting in a painting that fully encapsulates his distinctive aesthetic.

Uragami Gyokudo was a literati painter born into a samurai family in the Bizen Okayama domain during the mid-Edo period. He loved poetry, calligraphy, and painting, and particularly pioneered his own unique style in ink painting.
He began painting in his forties and mastered techniques that created a soft, blurred effect through the use of brushstrokes, often employing fudekusa (Japanese sedge). In this work, he depicts a tranquil landscape where the sharpness of the trees and the freshness of the mountain air are conveyed through the texture of his brushwork.
This may well represent the very landscape of Gyokudo's inner world. The spirit of a man who rejected the path of a professional painter and chose instead the free brush of a literati quietly emerges in this single masterpiece.

Kobayakawa Shusei was a Japanese painter active from the Taisho to Showa periods. He studied under Taniguchi Kokyo, a master of historical painting, and left behind numerous detailed and realistic works.
This work is based on the Gosannen War (Later Three-Year War) of the late Heian period, depicting the story of Minamoto no Yoshimitsu as he marches to save his brother, passing on a secret sho (musical instrument) piece to his master's son before heading off to battle. Yoshimitsu's dignified figure illuminated by moonlight, the meticulous brushwork on his armor and clothing, along with the intricate use of shadows, fills the scene with a sense of tranquility. While the composition is simple, the profound atmosphere created by the interplay of light is masterful. The lingering sound of the sho resonates throughout, a testament to Shusei's true artistry.

Iwai Koun was a painter active during the mid-Edo period and is believed to have been a disciple of Kumashiro Yuhi, who in turn studied under Shin Nanpin (C: Shen Quan) in China. However, much of Koun’s life remains unknown, with only a few records attesting to his existence.

This work depicts ducks at play by the water, set against a backdrop of autumn flora. The meticulous rendering of feathers, webbed feet, and even the rock textures, together with brushwork that achieves a three-dimensional effect through subtle shading, are hallmarks of the Nanpin school. The vivid gaze of the ducks is so lifelike they seem ready to move at any moment, showcasing Koun’s remarkable skill. This elegant portrayal of autumn scenery invites viewers to savor a tranquil moment in harmony with the season.

Tokugawa Iemitsu, the third shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, was renowned for his profound knowledge of literature and art, and is even said to have taken up a paintbrush during his rule. The subject of this work, the horned owl, is considered a symbol of good fortune and was often presented as a gift to feudal lords and vassals of the shogunate. Today, fewer than ten of his works remain.
The horned owl in this piece is characterized by its plump body and large eyes, reflecting Iemitsu’s signature style, which combines simplicity with boldness. In recent years, this charming approach has been reevaluated and is gaining popularity. Furthermore, this work was formerly owned by Yasuda Yukihiko, a Japanese painter with a keen aesthetic sense. It is an exceptionally valuable piece, carefully preserved and passed down through the generations.

Born as the son of Sengoku warlord Araki Murashige, Iwasa Matabe lived a tragic life after his clan was destroyed by Oda Nobunaga. He studied various painting styles, including those of the Kano and Tosa schools, and eventually developed his own distinctive style. He is considered a forerunner of the ukiyo-e tradition that would later flourish in Japan.
In this work, which portrays the revered poet Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, Matabe’s unique approach to figure painting shines through, marked by his signature depiction of round, full cheeks and elongated faces. While following the traditional Kasen-e style (portraits of the immortal poets), Matabe breathes life into the subject, capturing both the poet’s spirit and refined presence.
A true masterpiece that showcases Matabe’s exceptional artistry, this is a rare gem to be savored.

Maruyama Okyo, a renowned painter who represents the Edo period, transformed the course of Japanese painting with his revolutionary style that placed strong emphasis on sketching from life. In this work, a single snail is seen slowly crawling up the stem of a banana plant. The artist’s ability to convey the plant’s strength and vitality using nothing but shades of ink and brushstrokes is truly breathtaking. The appearance of the tiny snail unfolds a quiet story, a humble life that has crawled its way across the earth, finally arriving here. Bold composition and keen observation come together in this piece, radiating with Okyo’s distinctive style, one that deeply harmonizes with the rhythms of nature. You can almost feel the pulse of life within its silent tranquility, inviting you to linger and gaze at it for a long time.

Koizumi Danzan, a painter from the late Edo period, was born in current Mashiko, Tochigi prefecture. He produced countless works while working as a Shinto priest, and also trained many apprentices. Danzan came to be known for Ayu (sweetfish) paintings.
This month, we are thrilled to introduce a powerful landscape painting that encapsulates Danzan's skills. It depicts gentlemen sharing a drink on a cliff as rough waves crash in. Peering into the waves, their posture gives the impression of “unwavering minds” enjoying a quiet moment amidst the rugged nature. This work, which masterfully captures the contrast between the fierceness of nature and tranquil spirituality, stands as a testament to Koizumi Danzan’s exceptional brushwork and refined sensibility.

Yosa Buson is one of the great masters of haiku poetry who represents the Edo period, along with Matsuo Basho and Kobayashi Issa. As an accomplished artist, in his later years, he established a world of haiga painting in which poetic paintings and emotional haiku resonate. In this work, he depicts two poets enjoying a spring night in each contrasting way; a Chinese poet who cherishes the moment of twilight, and a Japanese poet who finds beauty in the purple dawn. The heartwarming painting brings a smile to your face, and is very characteristic of Buson. Perhaps Buson depicted the two poets of different origins and sensibility, because he was travelling through words and paintings exceeding time and space.

Kano Tan'yu, the son of Kano Eitoku, became an official painter for the Tokugawa shogunate at the age of just 16. His brilliant life and undiminished creative drive even into his later years led Okakura Tenshin to call him "the Ieyasu of the art world." Tan'yu's ink paintings are captivating for their stylized beauty learned from the classics and his skillful manipulation of the shades of ink to create depth and perspective. In this work, the three-dimensional effect and texture are beautifully portrayed through the " haboku (broken ink)" technique, which uses light and dark ink. The abundant white space accentuates the tranquil scene, and one can almost sense the presence of people in the temple-like building nestled among the trees at the foot of the mountain. This is a painting that highlights Tan'yu's masterful brushwork, which breathes life into the world of ink painting.

Ikeno Taiga was a literati painter active during the mid-Edo period, and by traveling to various places himself, he created numerous landscape paintings that were not mere imitations of Chinese art, but vibrant and full of life.

This work is truly the pinnacle of Ikeno Taiga's landscape paintings. The rocky surface expressed through overlapping lines and the billowing mountains vividly depict the contrasting elements of "stillness" and "movement" that breathe life into nature. The inscription is by the Confucian scholar Murase Kotei, who expresses a longing for the tranquility detached from the mundane world with a light and elegant writing style. Please enjoy the harmonious resonance of these two talents from the same era.

Nagasawa Rosetsu, who was active in the mid-Edo period, is highly regarded as a painter of the "Lineage of Eccentrics" along with Ito Jakuchu and Soga Shohaku. His expressive ability to bring out the beauty of nature and the charm of plants and animals to the fullest is unparalleled.
This work depicts Mount Fuji rising through the mist, beautifully depicting the divine and grandeur of the sacred mountain using only the shades of ink and brush strokes, and is a work that encapsulates Rosetsu's characteristic charm of combining delicacy and boldness. The rich expression of the ink is also reminiscent of his representative works "Tiger" on the sliding door panels of the Zen temple Muryo-ji and "Moonlit Landscape". This is an auspicious scroll that you can enjoy in the memory of Rosetsu, who continued to challenge himself in search of new forms of expression throughout his life.

Ryokan, one of the most famous Zen monks of the Edo period, still fascinates many people with his simple, free-spirited lifestyle. His innocence, free and rich state of mind are well expressed in his waka (poetry) and calligraphy. This work depicts the scenery where snow piling up on a solemn oak tree. The poetic contrast between the pure, fleeting snow and the strong, rooted tree shows how beautiful the world appeared to Ryokan. The free-flowing and familiar calligraphy is also an attractive feature of the work. In later years, Rosanjin commented on Ryokan’s calligraphy which embodies his personality, writing that it "combines truth, goodness, and beauty." It is a heart-warming work that is perfect for enjoying as winter approaches.

Watanabe Kazan, who served the lord of the Tahara Domain as a chief retainer councilor in the late Edo period, was an outstanding scholar of Western studies and a brilliant painter. He studied under Tani Buncho and later acquired skills in Chinese and Western paintings. His works have an unprecedented style that incorporates Western realism in a theme that is uniquely Japanese.

The duck's breast in this work is very realistic, with a few feathers missing. Each line of the painting shows Kazan's keen eye for detail and observation. On the other hand, the gradation of the autumn foliage and greenery that dominates the painting delicately and emotionally expresses the change of the season. This is a work that fully demonstrates the knowledge, elegance, and inquisitiveness of Kazan, who was a forerunner of his time.

Ogawa Usen, an esteemed Nihonga artist, was often referred to as "Usen of Kappa" due to his lifelong focus on painting kappas, a water yokai (mythical creature). Active from the Meiji to Showa periods, he spent most of his life in Ushiku, Ibaraki Prefecture. While working as a farmer, he painted rural life and mythical creatures with a deep appreciation for Eastern classics. His works, depicting kappas and other yokais playing in nature, are characterized by their simplicity and gentle perspective.

This particular piece captures Usen's free-spirited and humorous nature. The kappa, swimming with a determined expression, invites viewers to ponder its destination. Why not take a moment from the heat of summer, to reflect on where the kappa heads in the cool waters?

Ikkyu Sojun, affectionately known as “Ikkyu-san,” was a Zen monk from the Muromachi period who remains beloved to this day. Known for his eccentricity despite being a Zen monk, he often lived free from traditional constraints, enjoying worldly pleasures. Despite his unconventional lifestyle, he was a dedicated priest who sought the way of Zen throughout his life. This piece, reflecting on the challenging path of Zen, shines with its elegant kana script. The graceful yet stern presence embodies the true essence of Ikkyu's calligraphy. It is a rare work that allows us to experience the profound spirituality of Ikkyu Sojun, who embraced both the sacred and the profane in his life.

The ukiyo-e artist Katsushika Hokusai is a highly celebrated master of Japanese art, renowned for his exceptional expressiveness and outstanding technique, which influences contemporary artists to this day. Jippensha Ikku, the author of the Edo period's best-selling novel "Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige (Shank’s Mare)," complements Hokusai's painting with his inscription. This piece represents a luxurious collaboration between two of Edo's most famous cultural figures.
Hokusai's light and elegant artwork is accompanied by Ikku's poem: "When I look up at the expanse of the sky, I see the mist and the distant mountains' brows." This likely references a poem by Abe no Nakamaro, expressing a yearning for home. However, the scenery seen through the mist here humorously suggests not the poet's homeland but the eyebrows of a beautiful woman, showcasing the playful wit, characteristic of the Edo period."

Kano Kazonobu, a prodigious talent of the late Edo period, is instantly recognizable by his use of eye-catching, vibrant colors. His magnum opus, “Five Hundred Arhats” at Zojoji Temple, completed over approximately 10 years, continues to astound people as a monumental masterpiece. However, only a limited number of his works remain to this day, leaving much of his artistic career shrouded in mystery. This piece, depicting birds and flowers with vivid colors and a compellingly intricate brushwork, is believed to have been created in his thirties based on the use of his alias “Kensu-sai”. Kazunobu's mastery of shading, learned from Western painting, is evident here, imparting a sense of depth to the flora and fauna, almost emanating the rich scent of wilderness.

During the Meiji and Taisho eras, Watanabe Seitei gained fame as a master of bird-and-flower paintings. His exceptional aesthetic sense and meticulous painting technique explored various forms of expressing beauty.

This diptych depicts Shōki, traditionally hung up during the Boys' Festival as a talisman against evil spirits, and carp, symbolizing success and prosperity in the Chinese legend of the Dragon Gate. The inscription indicates that this was created for the Boys' Festival in 1903, when Seitei was 53. The charm of Seitei's characteristic wit is evident in details such as the demon depicted as a ball-like figure that Shōki "plays" with. His artistic expression shows a wide range, as he also displays elegance with the vibrant flowers blooming above the carp.

Celebrating the 300th anniversary of his birth this year, Ikeno Taiga is one of the greatest literati painters of the Edo period. He loved to travel, visiting all parts of Japan and capturing the nature he saw in his paintings.

In this dynamic depiction of a Chinese-style landscape, the inscription in praise of the work is a passage from the Chinese Tang dynasty poet, Meng Haoran's "Zhang Ji Banquet Hall," which reads: "Around the island, they drink together on the boat, and when the mountains appear before their eyes, they recite poetry," which brings to mind the elegant banquet of a literati. However, the poem ends with the words, "I know not how the years and months of those who write have suffered a setback," and is a poem about life's adversities. The combination of the unadorned beauty of the landscape created by Taiga's breathtaking painting skill and Meng Haoran's poem highlights the transience of the human world and the fragility of things. This is truly a beautiful blend of poetry and painting, a rare gem of literati painting.

Hirafuku Hyakusui (1877 – 1933) was a Japanese painter from Akita, active from the Meiji to the early Showa era, who was known for naturalistic paintings with such realism. Among all the animal paintings, he was particularly enthusiastic with birds, as much that he kept ducks and turkeys to study them.

Illustrated in the "Hirafuku Hyakusui Collection" by Iwanami Shoten, this work depicts a flock of geese resting on a winter waterside. The geese are painted using Mokkotsu-ho (a painting method often used in Ink paintings) and effectively using different shades of ink. The unique composition adds a decorative touch to this naturalistic painting, which reminds us of his renowned work, "Ducks" (exhibited at the Tokyo Taisho Hakurankai). This piece shows an excellent example of the lyrical world of Hyakusui, who was also a poet of the Araragi school.

Ikeda Koson was a painter from the late Edo period, born in Echigo (current Niigata Prefecture). As a disciple of Sakai Hoitsu, he studied along with Sakai Kiitsu and other renowned painters.

This triptych is a powerful piece with a dragon and clouds in the center, and a phoenix and kirin on the left and right. The softness of the rising clouds is expressed monochromatically with sumi ink, and the wild yet divine dragon is dynamically painted with bold brushworks. The work shows the masterful skill and inquisitiveness of Koson, the inheritor of the Edo Rinpa School of paintings. It is a gem to be admired at the beginning of the Year of the Dragon.

The work, Maruyama Okyo’s Bears in Snowy Valley depicts a heartwarming scene where a family of bears walking in a snowy mountain. What catches our eyes is Okyo’s artistry that shines in this piece.

Okyo, the master of Edo painting, opened up new horizon in Japanese painting through his realistic expressions. Realistic and charming, Okyo’s animals are one of the reasons why his works are adored to this day. He is also known for incorporating the western perspective method, which technique was rarely seen in his time. Using this method, he came to known for his landscape paintings, which can be seen in this works as well. In addition, the appearance of the pines covered in white snow is majestic and reminiscent of the national treasure folding screens "Pine Trees in the Snow", making this work a gem that wonderfully incorporates the artistry and expressions of the genius Okyo.

Hishida Shunso studied with Yokoyama Taikan and Shimomura Kanzan, greatly contributing to the development of modern Japanese art history. The brilliant artist with great promise for the future sadly passed in 1911 at a young age of 36.

This work is assumed to be made in his last year, the same time when he painted one of the most prominent work, "Black Cat" (1910). As if portraying bedridden self, the drooping branches are painted very feebly. Yet, bright ripe persimmons on the tips of the branches and the youthful Warbling White-eye staring up at the sky are portrayed in such liveliness, which might reflect Shunso’s hope for the future.

It is a full-fledged work by Shunso that gently pulls the heartstrings of the viewers.

This work by Nagasawa Rosetsu a fine depiction of Guan Yu, a general of the Three Kingdoms period in China, also known as "Lord of the Beautiful Beard." In contrast to Guan Yu, who is portrayed as a man of courage and vigor, the servant in the background is illustrated in somewhat innocent manner, which shows the characteristics of Rosetsu’s eccentric style. This work is presumably painted around the age of 34, after his return to Kyoto from Nanki. The graceful and elegant brushstrokes in the robe of Guan Yu and the Green Dragon Crescent Blade allow us to imagine Rosetsu in his prime, full of enthusiasm and hope for the future.

Konoshima Oukoku is a leading figure in modern Japanese painting, is one of the artist whose popularity is on the rise. Born into a merchant family in Kyoto in 1877, Oukoku studied under the master of flower and bird painting, Imao Keinen, at the age of 16, and made a name for himself with his intricate and elegant animal paintings. Among them, he excelled at painting deer. This work is from the artist’s prime, when he won top prizes at the Bunten Exhibition around 1907. Depicting a herd of relaxing deer using Oukoku's unique style of tsuketate (a technique that expresses shapes and textures with shades of color without using contour lines). Truly a symbolic piece of Oukoku’s artistry, his eminent sketching technique depicts animals with such realism, making this an excellent piece with ethereal beauty.

Maruyama Okyo, who was active in Kyoto during the mid to late Edo Period, is known as an innovative painter who incorporated realism into his Japanese paintings. Depicting animals and plants with such reality, his paintings not only portray the forms and texture of the motifs but also the dynamism and vitality. The male and female ducks drawn with minimal brush strokes and colors show the artistry of this genius painter, and the delicate depiction is captivating. In contrast to the serenity of birds resting their wings, the reeds stretching across the painting bring movement and a gentle flow of time and space, making it an excellent work that embraces both the precision and boldness of Okyo.

Kobayashi Kokei, who was active from the Taisho to the Showa Period, was one of the painters who led modern Japanese painting to a new frontier of neoclassicism.
Taken from the Tang Dynasty folklore, the subject of this painting, Merofu, is a Kannon who appears in human female form to spread Buddhism. A similar piece of this work, painted around 1926, is in the collection of the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo.

In this work, the “aesthetics of lines” that represents the artistry of Kokei can be seen throughout, and the depiction of glossy black hair and fabric details is truly a masterpiece. The dignified lines and the expression of the loving Merofu convey the sincere passion of Kokei to portray both the grace of a woman and the sacredness of Kannon.

Click here to learn more about the artist.

Nagasawa Rosetsu was a Mid Edo Period painter and disciple of Maruyama Okyo. In contrast to the elaborate style of Okyo’s works, Rosetsu has a bold and free-spirited expression, and his lively animal paintings have been the fascination of many throughout the ages. Here, we introduce an auspicious diptych of cranes and turtles. On one scroll, cranes that appear to be parents and a child are rendered, while the lotus flowers blooming at the foot offer hints that these birds are in fledgling season. The other scroll renders two turtles before a cascading waterfall. Juxtaposing the silence and stillness of the turtles with the speed and vigor of the waterfall, the work contrasts two remarkably disparate passages of time. Signifying longevity and evincing Rosetsu’s technical prowess, this auspicious work is a perfect piece to start the new year.

Learn more about Nagasawa Rosetsu, here

This work renders a snow-capped Mt. Fuji adorned by a clear blue autumn sky. Painted in thin lines, the ridges of the mounts melt into the sky, and its high peaks give a great sense of the mountain's height. Works by Okyo made after 1948 are considered to be of his mature period- when the artist reigned supreme in the art world and still produced works vigorously. Taikan, who made more than 1,500 paintings of Mt. Fuji and whose last painting was of Mt. Fuji, has said that "for as long as I can paint (Mt. Fuji), I will continue to put my heart and soul into my work". True to his word, Taikan's noble spirit is reflected in each of his works. Likewise, this piece manifests Taikan's characteristic, underspoken dignity unique to his work.

Learn more about the artist, here

Born 1902 in Oita Prefecture, Ito Hikozo was a descendant of the great swordsman Ito Ittosai and learned kendo from his father at an early age, and eventually became a master swordsman himself. As an illustrator, he attracted viewers with his realistic portraits that set him apart from other artists. This work depicts a ghost holding a woman's severed head. From the ghost's bitter gaze to the stunned expression of the decapitated woman, the illustrated scene appears as if Hikozo saw it with his own eyes. A work of fear, power, and spirit, the work encapsulates the complex character and background of the artist and his body of work.

To those interested, Zenshoan is currently exhibiting rakugo performer, Sanyutei Encho's ghost-themed collection, "Yuurei Ten". Why not take this opportunity to cool off from the intense summer heat and make a visit?

Exhibition Website (Japanese Only): https://zenshoan.com/yuureiga_goaisatsu/

The Ukiyo-e artist Katsushika Hokusai continued to paint throughout his 70-year-long career.
Even after completing his masterpiece " Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji " at the age of 72, he continued to immerse himself in the world of painting in search of further innovation.
This is a work from 1841 when Hokusai was 82 years old.
Juxtaposing ideas of tension and silence with that of vitality and movement, the work presents a water rail in hunt before a lotus on a verge of bloom.
With great skill and precision, the seemingly conflicting concepts of stillness and movement are presented in harmony. In many ways, this work renders the "life" Hokusai continued to view, seek and paint throughout his life.

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Ryokan was a monk who lived simply throughout his life and was loved by people for his unadorned personality, innocence and noble way of life.
This work, a former property of Nakamura Gakuryo, is one of the rarest of Ryokan's ‘kaisho’ (block style) calligraphy. He left many calligraphies during his 74-year lifetime, but since the vast majority of his works were ‘sosho’ (cursive style) after the age of 55, it can be inferred that this work was made at a relatively young age. The simple and warm lines that express Ryokan's personality, combined with the intricate balance between 'hen-bo' (the right and left segments of the characters) gives the work a sense of intensity and tension. Furthermore, the strength and severity of the kaisho aesthetic adds another dimension that, in turn, presents the transcendent, spiritual essence of Ryokan’s work.

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In Japan, the character for 'jade' originated from the color of the kingfisher.
As the word would suggest, Kingfishers make perfect subjects for paintings.
An avid student of Rinpa, Kokei awareness of the tradition’s visual culture and techniques, such as tarashikomi (a painting technique of applying a second layer of paint over a wet first layer), is highly evidenced in the work.
In addition, to the work’s Rinpa-esque character, the artist’s incorporation of modernized aesthetics makes this piece a quintessential Kokei piece.

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While the Maruyama school founder, Maruyama Okyo is known to have studied Kano school painting, his early mastery of megane-e (a form of painting designed to be viewed through an apparatus) was his gateway to Western-style perspective. The impact of Okyo’s unique style, which incorporates Chinese influenced real-life drawing techniques, continues to influence many people today.

This work is characterized by its three-dimensional perspective, and judging from its seal (Tenmei 6 (1786)), it can be deduced that this work was made during the prime of Okyo’s life.

In the work, interwoven pine trees flanked by cherry blossoms are depicted in the foreground, and their strength can be felt by their stillness in spite of the sea breeze.

In contrast, the distant view is a peaceful seascape. Simultaneously expressing stillness and movement, the work perfectly renders the feeling of spring and the heart of Okyo’s realism.

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Natsume Soseki, the satirical writer and author to Botchan who addressed Western-influenced, modernist individualist themes, was also a student of Chinese poetry and Eastern literati culture.

In this poem, Soseki, moved by the fragrant landscape of spring flowers, is frustrated by his inability to express his thoughts. This work, which illustrates the inner conflicts and anguish of the artist, is a precious reminder of the scene that touched the chord of the great literary master who brought great inspiration to the masses.

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In Hakuin's Zen paintings, Hotei is said to be, both, a metaphor of Hakuin himself and the most drawn character of the Seven Lucky Gods. A classic Hakuin piece, this humorous work depicts Hotei blowing out a kimono-clad woman, Otafuku, wearing a kimono with the Japanese character “inochinagashi” (lit: long life). Hotei, in the appearance of a dorakusha (a man of pleasure), smoking a cigarette and blowing out Otafuku, a symbol of longevity and happiness, sends a message that perhaps true pleasure lies in wishing for longevity and happiness. The essence of Hakuin, who continued to convey Zen teachings through his paintings, is fully demonstrated in this work.

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The seal on the painting suggests that this was a work made during Nagasawa Rosetsu’s late thirties. The two men on horseback seem to be people of “Ko” from the western part of China. This appears to be a hunting scene, as evidenced by one of the men, with one holding a hare from the waist and the other standing with a dog at the foot of the bridge.

In addition to this work being a rare depiction of a snowy hunting scene, the work displays the rich aesthetic charms of the so-called “eccentric” painter, Rosetsu. Featuring delicate brushstrokes alongside a bold composition, the work skillfully incorporates Rosetsu’s humor with the inherited style of his teacher, Maruyama Okyo.

Learn more about Nagasawa Rosetsu, here

Ohara Koson was active during the end of the Meiji, to the Taisho and Showa era. He studied under Suzuki Kason and was a well-renowned master of bird-and-flower paintings, especially in Europe. Koson is known for his many hanga prints, however, his paintings are very rare.

Over recent years, this work has received increased reevaluation. From the simplicity of the snow-covered pine branches to the delicate rendering of the egret and mandarin ducks, the work carries a particular air of elegance and sophistication. Merging traditional Japanese painting with realism, the work's innovative aesthetic is a reflection of its time and gives viewers a sense of how the Meiji era came to represent a time of change and innovation.

Learn more about Ohara Koson, here

The early Edo period painter, Tosa Mitsuoki, was known as a leading figure in the revival of Tosa school painting, which had long receded from the center of the art world since the end of the Muromachi period. By incorporating elements from Kano school and Song-Yuan dynasty painting (Sō-Gen ga) into the Tosa school aesthetic, he maintained the tradition of Yamato painting and built a new Tosa aesthetic in the Edo period.

On the whole, Mitsuoki’s quails were his most skilled depictions. The delicate and precise depiction of feathers in this work functions as an effective reflection of Mitsuoki’s elegant technique, which is further heightened by its sophisticated composition and elegant color expression.

Noting the inscription, “土佐左近将監光起筆”, it can be deduced that this is a work after 1654 when Mitsuoki was appointed Lieutenant of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards.

Learn more about Tosa Mitsuoki, here

"Tessai became a dragon in his 80s," said Taro Odakane, the leading researcher of Tessai studies, who states how, as Tessai became older, his paintings grew more youthful through his use of bold and colorful brush strokes. This work was made in 1912 when Tessai was 81 years old.

In addition to the vivid color contrast between the towering green mountains and the scarlet cinnabar, the work conveys a sense of Yugen (mysterious profundity) that seems to float in the air, inviting viewers to an enchanted land.

The inscription contains, "Seikanjitoku (wait-and-see mode)" which is derived from the Northern Song Confucianist poetry, and the “江山風月本無常主閑者便是主人” is by Soshoku (Chinese: Su Shi) a literati figure Tessai greatly admired. The poem describes how there is no owner of beautiful nature such as rivers, mountains, the wind, and the moon. In other words, the natural landscape is solely for those who love their beauty quietly. A work of refined aesthetic and conceptual appeal, this painting is a symbol of the Buddhist belief that nature is the face of the truth.

Learn more about Tomioka Tessai, here

The Meiji to Taisho period painter, Watanabe Seitei’s unprecedented international Western following began in France. With this year’s comprehensive retrospective exhibition, there are signs of evident momentum in his ever-growing popularity.

A masterful rendering of complex ink gradations, this work dates to the early 20th century, when Seitei was about 55. Notably, this dates to the same period when Seitei was awarded a gold medal at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition for his bird-and-flower painting.

In this work, willow branches sway gently over a thinly overcast full moon in a dreamlike landscape. In the composition, is a gorgeous, life-like heron that reminds us of the rich and elaborate brushwork Seitei is best renowned for.

Learn more about Watanabe Seitei, here

Judging by the seals, this work dates to the 1890’s-early 1900’s, a time symbolic of Seitei's maturation period. Sharing a subtle red tinted background, the work juxtaposes bold and vibrant wisteria with a minimalistic, withered willow and, as a night heron perches on its branch, the impeccable realism of the work evinces Seitei's characteristic eye for detail. Opening April 25, this work will be exhibited at our upcoming exhibition, Seitei, Zeshin and Kyosai: Japanese Art at the Paris and Philadelphia Expositions.


Learn more about Watanabe Seitei, here

Komatsu Hitoshi was a painter and recluse who resided in Ohara, Kyoto and lived in near poverty to support his independent painting career. While best known for his hometown landscapes of the Mogami River in Yamagata prefecture, he often depicted many natural sceneries, especially those of Mt. Fuji. This work depicts a vibrant rendering of Mt. Fuji. With the use of deep and intense lines, the vigour and earthliness of the work exemplifies the highlights of Komatsu's unique aesthetic. Colourful and charismatic, the work is a perfect piece to welcome all viewers into a new year.

Maruyama Okyo is historically esteemed his introduction of realism to Japanese painting. Unifying a pair of disparate visual cultures, his work merges the realism of traditional Chinese painting through its depiction of a mountain, with a uki-e (megane-e) use of perspective through its depiction of a waterscape. With Okyo's skilled treatment of space, the work lures viewers into its painted landscape. Innovative in essence, this work evidences a historic and symbolic burgeoning of a modern classical landscape.

On exhibit at the upcoming "Old Japanese Paintings: The Masters who Colored the Edo Period" exhibition.

While Ryokan's calligraphy appears effortless, each stroke is made with much precision and care. It was said that Ryokan would delicately lift his brush while writing. The essence of Ryokan's calligraphy lies his elegant flowing strokes that masks underlying strength. Embodying this essence, this work depicts "Hyakka Haru", meaning spring in full bloom. Enduring a harsh winter, the flowers that bloom in spring signify this underlying strength and resilience with grace and poise.

Click here for more info about Taigu Ryokan.

This piece is an elegant manifestation of the qualities Okamoto's work is best known for; a realistic and detailed aesthetic, reminiscent of the Nagasaki school, and a colorful ornateness. This work depicts a quail with brilliant feathers, juxtaposing a simple background that enhances the sheer detail of the subject in the foreground. Befitting the coming season, this work is a beautiful reflection of autumn in its maturity.

Click here for more info about Okamoto Shuki

Ito Shoha was born in 1877 and was the eldest daughter of a priest of the Sarutahiko Shrine (Ise city, Mie prefecture). An apprentice of much promise and acclaim, Shoha studied under Taniguchi Kokyo in Kyoto and came to be known as one of Kyoto’s leading female painters, like Uemura Shoen. In 1917, Ito painted in front of Empress Teimei and exhibited "Tale of the Pipa" at the Japan-France Exchange Exhibition of 1922, which subsequently was bought by the French government. Her casual depictions of ordinary life are valued for the particular warmth they emanate. This work depicts a smiling woman in front of hagi (bush clover). Balancing an elegant composition with a sense of warmth and humanity, the work reflects the soft and delicate charm of Shoha's unique aesthetic.

Kawaguchi Ekai was a Buddhist Scholar and Obaku sect Monk of the Meiji period. He entered Tibet, which was then closed to foreigners, in search of Buddhist scriptures. Using broad strokes, his thick brushwork appears to manifest the strength of Ekai himself. Depicting Chinese poetry, the right column depicts the work of the Tang dynasty poet, Xu Hun, while the left is of his own. In Ekai’s “Three Years in Tibet” he discusses the state of being overwhelmed by the natural scenes of the Himalayas and, like Xu Hun’s poem, encounters flying cranes and blowing snowstorms.Using Xu Hun’s poem to signify the beauty of nature, Ekai expresses the intense feeling he experienced alone in the Himalayas, through his own addition.

Drawn by the master of tiger paintings, Ohashi Suiseki, the artist drawing cats early on, when he was still living in his hometown, in the Mino Province (present Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture). This work was made during his later years. During then, he was known to draw cats (especially,) with specific auspicious intent. "Mao", the Chinese pronunciation of cat, was believed to signify longevity since it shared the same pronunciation as "耄", meaning eighty, or ninety years old. The China Roses that surround the kittens were also called "Moon Flowers and "Everlasting Spring Flowers". Always in full bloom, these flowers bloom every month. Charming yet meaningful, the appeal of this work lies its loveliness and sophistication.

This piece was made in 1835 when Yamamoto was 42. Alongside symbolic motifs, this depiction of Mt. Fuji features elegance and realism. In the past, there used to be swamps of varying sizes around Mt.Fuji, known collectively as the Ukishima Marsh. If this work was drawn from the view from Ushikima Marsh, perhaps it is Mt. Ashitaka depicted in the foreground. Illustrating the post-rainfall phenomenon of clear and sunny skies, this work presents Mt. Fuji at its most divine.

The work was painted in 1919 when Kanzan was at the age of 47. When illustrating human subjects, Kanzan would tend to depict religious subjects, i.e. those associated with Buddhism. Thus, this work is an exceptional rarity in its depiction of a beautiful woman. In this work, a woman and a cat is drawn with a delicate outline. Subtle and harmonious, the subdued color application complements the tenderness of the female figure and the euphoria of spring’s prime.

Was there ever a painter who drew dolls in such a way? Whether now or in the past, it’s quite likely that no one other than Soga Shohaku would paint so peculiarly. Is the male doll behind dancing or falling down? In the foreground is a female doll with her arms spread and her body unclothed. The inscription states, “I’m drunk and I can see numerous dolls”. Although this work contradicts the calculated and elaborate drawings Shohaku is also renowned for, the piece presents the artist in a state of liberation, where his brush is free to run and travel, drunk, across the paper. On another note, the work is also interesting in how it displays how Shohaku interacts with the haiku poet, Futsukabo Sou.

Jiun Onko was a monk of the Shingon sect in the late Edo period. He placed great emphasis on Buddhism’s strict discipline and advocated “the Shingon Risshu sect”. Well-known as a master of calligraphy, he was also the founder of Unden Shinto.In addition, he wrote a voluminous book, “Bangaku Tsuryo,” which covers a thousand volumes of Sanskrit research.The Chinese character “阿 (a)” in this work is the first letter of Sanskrit, which is said to represent the origin of the universe. In Esoteric Buddhism, it is the origin or birth of all languages, voices and words. It is a perfect piece for the start of a new decade, 2020.

As the sun rises above Mt. Penglai, a flock of cranes, traditional symbols of longevity, fly by. This auspicious painting depicts the ancient Chinese legendary sacred mountain, Mt. Penglai. It was said to be located in the East Sea of the Shangdong province, where hermits would live and make immortality potions. Subtle but beautiful, the details of the mount that backs the main image contains intricately woven traces of the artist's seals. This piece dates to around 1910’s when Seitei was in his late 50s and in his mature period of painting. Radiating fortune and luck, the auspicious qualities of the painting makes it best suited for display when celebrating the New Year.

Both Shiba Kokan and Kamuraki Baikei are painters trained in the Nagasaki school and at one time both of them lived around Hamamatsu-cho, so it is easily imagined that they knew each other. This pair of works by the two each vividly depicts creatures near watersides. Breathtaking details in bright colors are the characteristics of the Nagasaki school, but what amazies the viewer is the shrewd sense of observation. Look at the dancing butterfly or the mantis hiding quietly that are so realstically painted, whether their legs, antenna or wings. These persistently realistic pictuires show the strong passion to master the latest trend brought from the continent as well as their rivalry.

An Ivy-like climbing plant tumbles, its leaves changing colors here and there, fortunately preventing the tiny thorns from creeping in.

"Master Gyokudo's hand is outrageous and other-worldly" wrote Tanomura Chikuden in his Chikuden-so Shiyu Garoku (Records of Chikuden's Teachers and Friends). Calligraphy by Uragami Gyokudo is certainly extraordinary and is said to be recognizable at first glance with his strongly characteristic and non-conforming ways. If a work represents the creator, his hand certainly shows Gyokudo's anti-conventional spirit. Each character in this calligraphy work, mainly written in semi-cursive script with some cursive characters mixed in, has strong personality, but as a whole piece they are united to provide a unique rhythm. Gyokudo, a Koto harp lover, declared that there was no works of him without a harp. Though there is no Koto directly mentioned in this piece, it may represent the scene in which strings of Koto vibrate the air, fading to silence, and it is not hard to imagine the picture of Gyokudo sitting in front of the seven-stringed Koto harp.

This work depicts a firework festival during the middle of the Edo period (the age of the eighth Shogun Yoshimune). Known as the oldest firework festival, it eventually developed into the current Sumida River Firework Festival. At the time, there were many pyrotechnists in Ryogoku, and people in Edo enjoyed fireworks as a major summer event. Unlike today, fireworks were hand-held, and pyrotechnists set them off from their boats. The artist is unknown but judging from the hand-held fireworks this work was paintedin mid to late Edo period. Capturing the details of pyrotechnists competing against each other, along with Edo children enjoying the scenery, this is truly a rare and precious piece that provides a feel of "Edo summer".

I've reached 50 and my hair has turned grey.
Good times and bad times, I've always looked up the sky.
Alone,reading chinese teachings while enjoying the plum blossoms in the serene daily life.

Along with Katsu Kaishu and Yamaoka Tesshu, Takahashi Deishu is known as one of the three greats of end of Edo era(Tokugawa Shogunate). Also known as master spearman ship. Just like many martial arts masters, Deishu was also a great calligrapher. This piece is one of the rare piece that is written in Kaisho (block style). The letters are clean that reflects his honest character.

Arimoto Toshio is known for his mystical style incorporating Western Fresco paintings and Japanese Buddhism. He passed away at the age of 38. This piece was created using a technique called Kanshitsu (dry lacquer) that has traditionally being used for sculpting Buddha. Arimoto Yoko, his wife, states that the three dimenstional work expresses Arimoto's intention straightforwardly. Arimoto was very fond of utilizing his crafty skills, and created wood carving pieces in-between his painting production. There is a certain warmth and nobility in this piece that reminds us of sacred sculptures.

Ikeno Taiga is considered one of the great masters of Japanese literai paintings, displaying a talent for both calligraphy and paintings. Depictions of the Peach Blossoms Spring derive from the famous fable by a Chinese poet Tao Yuanming. The inscriptions to painting by a Confucian scholar Nakai Riken also refers the story. The work was created in 1771 from the period of maturity of the artist. Mountains are outlined with a dried brushwork and light and shadow is described by applying faint red and blue color to the side of mountains. A river flowing slowly seems to invite fisherman to the Shangri-La.

Kenzan is famous for his ceramics, but he was also a talented painter. Following his older brother's footsteps, Kenzan started to show his gift as a painter in later years. This is a very gentle piece illustrating cherry blossoms with gradations of ink and pale pink. Unlike his brother, Korin, Kenzan found his style in the simplicity.

The haiku master, Matsuo Basho changed haikai into spiritual artform. He travelled throughout his life and wrote poems of his journey. This piece is written at the age of 45 when he visited Ise shrine. He was looking for a plum tree in the shrine, and was informed that there is one tree inside the lodge for god's servants. He expresses the beauty of the tree in this poem.

This is a very humorous painting using "Rusu Moyo," the indirect expression of a motif by painting the things around the motif and not itself. Ebisu (god of commerce) is illustrated here by painting the fishing rod and the fish that Ebisu caught. This is a celebratory piece with lively fish that symbolizes harvest and wealth. Jakuchu's signature technique Sujime-gaki(split-ink method) is used in the scale. The seal is known as Senkaku Zeppitsu used around 1772 - 1780 for the works that Jakuchu particularly favored.

This is a masterpiee by Omoda Seiju, in which he took the Japanese painting to another level by merging realism and decorative elements of Rimpa style.Omoda states "it's impossible to paint the temparature in the cold air or the ambiance that foggy morning brings. What you can paint is the forms. I keep on painting the forms and it starts to create the tone or the air." Probably, by "tone" or "air", he is reffering to some kind of an "aura." Please check out the "aura" he creates in this piece.

Suzki Shonen was known as "present Shohaku" for his dynamic and bold painting style. This piece depicts scenes from Japanese faiy tales. The characters are illustrated with full of personality, which shows Shonen's eccentricity and humor.

The poem reflects the story by Onono Komachi. The scarecrow drawn in bold brushworks seems as if it predicts the storm. The simple composition stimulates our imagination and invokes the lively scenery. This piece certainly shows the aethetics of Haiga.

Buson painted this piece at the age of 55 - 62. The serene landscape is calming and warm. The change of season is expressed in the pale blue of the mountain in the distant and the tan color of the trees. The human figures are illustrated in such a gentle manner, which puts smile on viewer's face. This piece is very symbolic of Buson, who was also known as a literati.

(Ink and slight color on silk, with a certificate of authenticity by Tanomur Chokunyu, illustrated in "Nanga Jutaikashu" published in 1910 and "Buson Zenshu" vol.6 published in 1998)

Suzuki Shonen was a well-known painter in Kyoto, who was known for his bold paintings. He was often compared with Shohaku for his style. This painting is a very unique piece where he illustrated the serene Japanese night scenery where the night breeze blowing over the river and the lights from fireflies created mysterious ambiance. This is very appealing especially in the hot summer days. This year commemorates 170th anniversary of his birth and 100th from his passing. Why not enjoy the cool night breeze with this piece.

A tiger standing against the wind. The artist is Hayashi Jikko, a Nanga style artist from Mito. He is known as one of the artist with unorthodox style, just as Ito Jakuchu, Soga Shohaku and Nagasawa Rosetsu. Jikko studied under Tachihara Suiken, but he mostly taught himself and developed his own style. The result is his unique animal paintings. Captivating and dynamic, his paintings grab viewer's heart.

(Ink and slight color on paper, with a box signed and sealed by Matsushita Hidemaro, illustrated in the exhibition catalogue "Hayashi Jikko" at Itabashi Art Museum in 1988.)

Hakuin Ekaku sends us a message on how we are supposed to be as a being through the bold illustration of Shoki with powerful glaring eyes and dynamic lines of the robes. The writing here is an excerpt of script of a scene from Japanese Noh theatre "Shoki", where Shoki vows to protect the country.The powerfulness of this piece shows Hakuin's prayer and devotion for people's happiness.Hakuin's teaching reaches to our soul through Shoki's strong stare.

Mikuma Katen painted Sakura(cherry blossoms) throughout his career, and established a style called Mikuma-ha. Mikuma Roko, Hirose Kain, Oda Shitsushtsu were some of the artists who were schooled. His artist name, Katen, means "flower fanatics" or "sakura lover". He devoted his life painting the flower regardless of his poverty. Connoting its fragility, sakura illustrated by Katen bloom beautifully in his paintings. He might have reflected himself in the frog adoring sakura. In his death wish, he noted that he wished to scatter his ashes in the river, and plant sakura tree. This piece truely shows us his passion and love for sakura.